Jair Bolsonaro, born on March 21, 1955, is a former Brazilian president and ex-army captain whose political rise was shaped by right-wing nationalism, law-and-order rhetoric, and admiration for Brazil’s military regime. His presidency began in 2019 amid antiestablishment sentiments fueled by the Petrobras corruption scandal. Bolsonaro’s term ended in 2023, but his legacy changed drastically in 2025 when he was convicted by Brazil’s Supreme Court.

Bolsonaro was found guilty of attempting a coup to retain power after losing the 2022 election. This unprecedented ruling sentenced him to 27 years and 3 months in prison. Born in São Paulo, Bolsonaro grew up in Eldorado and pursued a military career. In 2024, over 30 individuals were indicted for an alleged conspiracy related to the 2022 election results, implicating Bolsonaro in a scheme to undermine the democratic process.

The Supreme Court’s verdict, delivered on September 11, 2025, accused Bolsonaro of orchestrating a coup. Supported by extensive evidence, including a document named “Operation Green and Yellow Dagger,” the court imposed a lengthy prison term. The sentencing included charges of participating in a criminal organization, plotting against democracy, organizing a coup, and damaging government property.

In addition to prison time, Bolsonaro was prohibited from holding public office until 2060, effectively ending his political career. Despite appealing the decision, his plea was rejected by the Supreme Court. Consequently, on November 25, 2025, Bolsonaro was ordered to begin serving his sentence, marking a significant moment in Brazil’s democratic history.